The escalating global population necessitates innovative agricultural practices to ensure sustainable food production. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology offers a multifaceted solution, enhancing seed germination, plant growth, and resilience to abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, without relying on harmful chemicals. Additionally, NTP provides effective decontamination of phytopathogenic microorganisms, addressing both bacterial and fungal plant diseases. This eco-friendly technology modifies seed surfaces, improves water and gas permeability, and activates key enzymes and metabolic pathways, bolstering plant defence mechanisms. As an advanced alternative to traditional chemical treatments, NTP technology presents a promising avenue for sustainable agriculture, contributing significantly to food security and environmental protection.