Seed quality is essential for forestry productivity, ecosystem health, and livelihood support. Traditional methods for assessing seed quality, such as germination tests and physical inspections, are often time-consuming and subject to human error. Although recent advancements in biotechnology offer innovative solutions through the development of biosensors for rapid and accurate detection of seed quality parameters specifically in long gestation tree species. This advancement enhances seed quality by integrating advanced techniques that improve genetic traits, ensure robustness, and optimize growth potential. Notably, biosensors are analytical devices that combine a biological sensing element with a physio-chemical transducer. They offer several advantages, including rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of various analytes. In the context of forest species seed quality, biosensors can assess parameters such as viability, vigor, and genetic purity in recalcitrant seeds, profound mainly in wild relatives. The development of these biosensors involves identifying specific biomarkers associated with seed quality and designing bioreceptors such as enzymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids, to interact with these markers. These interactions are then transduced into measurable signals through mechanisms like electrochemical, optical, or piezoelectric sensors. The methodology for developing a seed quality biosensor includes biomarker identification, biosensor fabrication, and validation. Biomarkers are identified through techniques like proteomics, genomics, and metabolomics. The bioreceptors are then immobilized on transducer surfaces to create biosensor prototypes, which are optimized for sensitivity, specificity, and stability. Validation involves comparing biosensor outputs with traditional methods to ensure accuracy. Preliminary results indicate that biosensors can detect seed viability and vigor with high accuracy and significantly reduced testing time compared to the conventional methods, mostly determine in agricultural crops. Further, this chapter focuses on refining these biosensors for broader application across different seed types particularly in forestry species and improving their robustness and user-friendliness for field use. The integration of biotechnology in biosensor development presents a promising approach for enhancing seed quality assessment, contributing to best forestry nursery practices and yields (e.g., timber, biomass, fruits, etc.), and ultimately ensuring sustainable use of the forest genetic resources for human development.