Over the past two decades, the focus on seed and germplasm conservation has shifted significantly toward field genebanks, which have emerged as an efficient method for establishing live repositories. Field genebanks offer various advantages, including adaptability to local ecosystems, prolonged maintenance, minimal reliance on high-tech infrastructure, feasibility for community involvement, potential for bioprospection, and broad availability. Consequently, these genebanks have been widely supported and promoted by global food and agricultural organizations (FAO), national agencies, institutions, councils, universities, and relevant government departments, particularly in developing countries. Field genebanks have been recognized for their role in the sustainable conservation and utilization of germplasm. They serve as vital repositories for preserving valuable accessions and facilitate ongoing research through periodic evaluations and the application of advanced characterization tools. The effectiveness of field genebanks in increasing public awareness, plant identification, and the preservation of plant-based knowledge, particularly in relation to seeds, is well established. These genebanks ensure the maintenance of adequate, need-based germplasm, including medicinal and economically significant plant species, which can later be propagated, multiplied on a large scale, and used for scientific exploration, packaging, and best practices. Additionally, field genebanks have proven to be especially effective in conserving location-specific and endemic taxa that are influenced by agroclimatic factors. While methods such as cryopreservation, in vitro culture, and other high-tech approaches are also employed, the field genebank model provides unique benefits, including the creation of a favorable environment for plant growth, enhanced green-up rates, and increased adaptability to climate change. As a result, field genebanks serve as an invaluable source of plant genetic resources for future generations. The inclusion of diverse specimens and stages of plants in academic and research domains further underscores the importance of field genebanks, offering ample opportunities for community engagement in the sustainable use of seeds. Ongoing innovations in field genebank management, including careful site selection, long-term preservation planning, continuous monitoring, standardized harvesting protocols, and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses, are crucial to their success. Additionally, the establishment of community-managed field genebanks, particularly at the local level, has gained popularity, emphasizing the need for more such initiatives tailored to specific climatic and native conditions. In conclusion, the promotion of field genebanks is essential to support sustainable conservation practices and ensure the long-term availability of plant genetic resources, with a strong emphasis on community involvement and local adaptation to climate and environmental conditions.

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Field Genebank: An Efficient Method for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Seeds

  • Kaushal Kumar

摘要

Over the past two decades, the focus on seed and germplasm conservation has shifted significantly toward field genebanks, which have emerged as an efficient method for establishing live repositories. Field genebanks offer various advantages, including adaptability to local ecosystems, prolonged maintenance, minimal reliance on high-tech infrastructure, feasibility for community involvement, potential for bioprospection, and broad availability. Consequently, these genebanks have been widely supported and promoted by global food and agricultural organizations (FAO), national agencies, institutions, councils, universities, and relevant government departments, particularly in developing countries. Field genebanks have been recognized for their role in the sustainable conservation and utilization of germplasm. They serve as vital repositories for preserving valuable accessions and facilitate ongoing research through periodic evaluations and the application of advanced characterization tools. The effectiveness of field genebanks in increasing public awareness, plant identification, and the preservation of plant-based knowledge, particularly in relation to seeds, is well established. These genebanks ensure the maintenance of adequate, need-based germplasm, including medicinal and economically significant plant species, which can later be propagated, multiplied on a large scale, and used for scientific exploration, packaging, and best practices. Additionally, field genebanks have proven to be especially effective in conserving location-specific and endemic taxa that are influenced by agroclimatic factors. While methods such as cryopreservation, in vitro culture, and other high-tech approaches are also employed, the field genebank model provides unique benefits, including the creation of a favorable environment for plant growth, enhanced green-up rates, and increased adaptability to climate change. As a result, field genebanks serve as an invaluable source of plant genetic resources for future generations. The inclusion of diverse specimens and stages of plants in academic and research domains further underscores the importance of field genebanks, offering ample opportunities for community engagement in the sustainable use of seeds. Ongoing innovations in field genebank management, including careful site selection, long-term preservation planning, continuous monitoring, standardized harvesting protocols, and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses, are crucial to their success. Additionally, the establishment of community-managed field genebanks, particularly at the local level, has gained popularity, emphasizing the need for more such initiatives tailored to specific climatic and native conditions. In conclusion, the promotion of field genebanks is essential to support sustainable conservation practices and ensure the long-term availability of plant genetic resources, with a strong emphasis on community involvement and local adaptation to climate and environmental conditions.