Seed germplasm and forest genetic resources play a crucial role in the sustenance of agricultural development, food security assurance, and biodiversity conservation. These resources provide the genetic diversity and geographical provenances essential for selection, breeding programmes, and tree improvement to develop high-timber, biomass, and fruit-yielding varieties. Maintaining a diverse spectrum of genetic materials also promotes ecosystem health and stability, which are vital for adapting to climate change and combating pests and diseases. Despite these advantages, forest genetic resources and seed germplasm are being depleted, due to several factors, including habitat destruction, climate change, invasive species, genetic erosion, and overexploitation. This chapter delves into a comprehensive discussion of the techniques employed to conserve forest genetic resources across the globe such as tissue culture, cryopreservation, gene banks, and seed banks. Tissue culture preserves genetic material without requiring seeds and enables rapid sterile plant reproduction from small samples. Forest species and their plant parts or seeds can be cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen at extremely low temperatures to prevent genetic deterioration for an extended period. Similarly, seed banks preserve genetic variety and facilitate the regrowth of plant populations following natural catastrophes or environmental changes by storing seeds in well-regulated conditions for an extended period. This detailed write-up aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in conservation practices by synthesizing cutting-edge research and practical insights. Ultimately, it advocates for environmentally sound practices that safeguard germplasm, protect biodiversity, and promote conservation techniques.