Seed quality and viability are critical factors in successful crop production. Conventional methods for evaluating seed characteristics, such as standard germination tests and moisture content measurements, can be time-consuming, destructive and provide limited information. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a promising non-destructive technique for assessing various aspects of seed physiology and quality. The integration of magnetic resonance imaging technology with seed science has then revolutionized the way we assess and manage seed quality. Thus, this book chapter will discuss the principles of this technology and how it can be applied to address critical questions in seed science and agriculture. It will also review recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging technology instrumentation and data analysis techniques that are expanding the capabilities of this imaging modality for seed evaluation.