In view of the problems of middle and deep reservoirs in Nanpu 3–2 block, such as high temperature, strong heterogeneity and low recovery efficiency in the later stage of water flooding, the interface tension, oil washing efficiency, anti-adsorption ability of the surfactant, the injection performance, migration and retention in porous medium, sealing ability of microsphere and the long-term compatibility under reservoir conditions of the two were used as key indicators to evaluate and optimize a microsphere-surfactant composite profile control system. The formulation of the system was determined, and three-layer heterogeneous core physical model experiments were carried out to evaluate the oil displacement effect of the system. The results show that: S4 and W3 have excellent performance in simulated reservoir conditions, after being aged for 30 days under 120 ℃, the interfacial tension of the composite system consisted of 3000 mg/L W3 + 0.3% S4 is 8.8 × 10−3 mN m−1, and complete spheres can still be observed under the microscope. Oil displacement experiments using heterogeneous models show that 0.30 PV 3000 mg/L W3 + 0.3% S4(volume ratio 1:1) can increase oil recovery by 19.45% on the basis of water flooding, and the oil recovery range of both the medium and the low permeability core can rise by more than 17% points than before. It shows that the composite system can play a role of profile control and displacement in heterogeneous reservoirs, and make the relative low permeability layers be effectively utilized.