In recent years, nano chemical flooding technology has been widely used in the field of enhanced oil recovery. As a kind of natural multi-walled nano-aluminosilicate clay, halloysite has attracted much attention because of its rich source and friendly environment. A stable dispersing system HPAM/O-HNTs was prepared by mixing partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) with modified HNTs (O-HNTs) using oleic acid modified nano-Halloysite tube (HNTs). The chemical structure of O-HNTs was characterized by infrared. The viscosity, temperature and salt resistance, shear resistance and oil displacement effect of HPAM/O-HNTs were systematically investigated. Infrared results show that the O-HNTs molecular chains contain hydrophobic groups such as long alkyl chains and double bonds. Second, O-HNTs on HPAM play a reinforced adhesion effect, after joining the O-HNTs, HPAM/O-HNTs viscosity increased significantly, with the mass fraction of 0.3% O-HNTs HPAM/O-HNTs viscosity reach a maximum of 210 mPa s, compared with pure HPAM, increases the adhesion rate of 34.91%. At the same time, the viscosity of HPAM/O-HNTs at 30 °C–90 °C NaCl (0–12,000 mg/L), CaCl2 (0–12,000 mg/L) is higher than that of HPAM, showing excellent temperature and salt resistance. In addition, under the condition of 90 °C, with the increase of shear rate, HPAM/O-HNTs viscosity decreases gradually, 500 r/s solution viscosity is greater than 17.28 mPa s, exhibited excellent shear resistance. HPAM/O-HNTs has a better oil displacement effect than HPAM. Under the same conditions, the EOR of HPAM/O-HNTs is 12.34% higher than that of HPAM. HPAM/O-HNTs has a broad application prospect in the field of enhanced oil recovery by nano-flooding.