Sichuan Basin is one of the earliest areas in the world to develop and utilize natural gas, it is also the most promising oil–gas basin in China. Anyue Gas Field, which lies in the middle of Sichuan Basin, its accumulative total proven geological reserves of deep carbonate rocks exceed 1.0 × 1012 m3, which is the largest carbonate gas field been discovered in China so far. However, the development of this gas field is faced with lots of challenges such as low porosity and permeability of reservoirs, low initial production capacity of gas wells, thin and vertically dispersed gas layers, low structural amplitude and complex gas–water relationships etc. How to convert reserves to production efficiently is an enormous challenge. In this study, through 8 years of continuous research and application, two theoretical understandings and four technologies have been innovatively formed. First, the “double control” development mechanism of high-quality reservoirs in ancient microbial dolomites of Sinian system, which is “Sedimentation controls the existence of reservoirs, karstification controls the quality of reservoirs” has been revealed, clarified the direction of finding favorable areas. Second, the “three step” development model, which is “region-selection, well-selection and phased-development” has been applied as the core to avoid risks in marginal gas reservoir development. Third, the geophysical evaluation technology of ultra-deep ancient carbonate rocks has been established, created a new method of fine identification of effective reservoirs. Fourth, a fine description technique of fractured and cavernous dolomite reservoir and fluid of carbonate gas reservoir has been established, solved the problem of selecting favorable areas under complex geological background. Fifth, the evaluation technology of reserves mobility and early stable production capacity of deep carbonate gas reservoirs has been established, broke through the key technical bottleneck of efficient utilization of gas reservoir reserves. Sixth, the key drilling and production technology of deep sulfur-containing carbonate gas reservoirs has been established, improved the efficiency of construction of ultra-deep complex gas reservoirs. These results have been fully applied to the Sinian Dengying Formation, the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, and the Permian Qixia and Maokou Formation of Anyue Gas Field, which set a new benchmark for the efficient development of deep low-porosity complex gas reservoirs in China, and can provide a reference for efficient development of similar gas fields at home and abroad.