Spain has one of the most prominent assisted reproduction industries in the world and treats thousands of local and international patients each year. This position is supported by regulation that allows broad patient access—without restrictions based on age or marital status—alongside an anonymous and financially compensated donation framework. A key feature of the Spanish model is the high availability of donated eggs, the main reason foreign patients travel to Spain. This context chapter outlines the differences between the public and private sectors, the role of anonymity in shaping the industry’s position, and the mechanisms that explain why Spain, unlike other countries, has such a large number of egg donors.