Global compound extreme events have increased, especially drought-flood abrupt alternation (DFAA), one of the new types of compound extreme events, has occurred more and more frequently. The compound extreme events mainly have negative impacts on the environment and ecosystems. Huaibei Plain is prone to DFAA events, with the frequency of about every 3 to 4 years. According to our previous studies, the soil phosphorus loss in surface runoff increased facing to DFAA based on field experiments and numerical simulations. To adapt to climate change, this study set mitigation scenarios, including drought/flood level degradation scenarios, to explore their effects on soil nitrogen (N) loss in surface runoff. The results reveal that the N loss in surface runoff decreased by 2.9% to 3.6% in history under drought level degradation scenarios, and decreased by –2.6% to 10.4% in the future. Under flood level degradation scenarios, the highest value of N loss in surface runoff decreased by 1.5% in the future, while decreased by 28.4% in history. The findings could help quantitively evaluate the effects of mitigation measures on extreme events. Further, it would guide the development of targeted measures.