The textile manufacturing industry generates significant environmental concerns due to the discharge of toxic dyes, heavy metals, detergents, and highly alkaline or acidic wastewater during fabric production. These pollutants harm living organisms and the environment, directly or indirectly impacting human well-being. Although widely used, traditional remediation methods often produce secondary toxic by-products that worsen the problem. Recognizing these challenges, sustainable and eco-friendly solutions are becoming critical. Approaches such as microbial remediation and agro-waste use have shown promising results in effectively treating textile effluents. These methods aim to mitigate the environmental impact while avoiding the generation of additional harmful by-products. This chapter provides an overview of the environmental issues caused by textile effluents and examines strategies for their mitigation. It emphasizes sustainable remediation practices and the need to adopt environmentally conscious approaches. The aim is to consolidate existing knowledge and inspire future research to develop effective solutions for managing toxic effluents in the textile industry.