Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels have played a pivotal role in harnessing the energy from the Sun, helping to satisfy the global energy requirements while facilitating a transition towards a renewable and cleaner energy source. The solar PV market is constantly growing, and efforts are being made to reduce panel costs and improve their efficiency. Solar PV works on the principle of photovoltaic effect, which states that when a material is exposed to light, it absorbs the light energy, leading to excitation and flow of the charge carriers (electrons and holes), further leading to the development of current in a closed circuit. Therefore, the majority of the PV panels are p-n junction-based. Solar panels were originally selenium-based, but there were concerns related to their efficiency, toxicity, and stability. The development of Czochralski process enabled the production of high-purity crystalline Silicon, leading to the adoption of Silicon as the primary material for PV cells, providing better efficiency. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) is a key feature of solar PV, influenced by factors such as the material used in the PV cell, insolation, temperature, and shading. Ongoing developments aim to improve PV panel efficiency and reduce losses. This chapter explores the manufacturing process of solar PV panels and discusses sustainable materials to minimize environmental impact and ensure a long-term, responsible solar future.