Plastics pose a severe challenge to achieving sustainability due to their pernicious impacts on the environment, ecosystem, and biodiversity. The plastic particles having diameters within the range of 1 m to 1 nm exhibit a more severe threat, as these cannot be effectively removed from the system by the conventional plastic treatment processes. Moreover, due to their smaller size, these particles intervene in the system and effectively interact at the microscopic scale, resulting in severe internal damage. The micro- and nanoplastics (MNP) damage the physiological function of the microorganisms in the ecosystem and contaminate the food chain through undesirable interventions. The organisms responsible for the increase in soil fertility face a severe threat due to their interaction with the MNPs. When microplastics and nanoplastics are mixed with other contaminants, they become a complicated problem that has a fatalistic effect on phytotoxicity and ecotoxicity in nearby eco-habitats. The movement of microplastics and nanoplastics can change many properties of soil, including its structure, water-holding capacity, and rhizosphere pH. Multiple studies have also noted a negative effect on the richness and stability of the microbial communities in the rhizosphere. MNPs, on the other hand, interfere with macro animal physiological functions by consuming packaged food products, disrupting metabolism, blood transfusion, and other important biological activities. MNPs also intervene in the physiological activities of the plants through the translocation process. The photosynthetic quotient of the plant species declines due to the accumulation of MNPs with the photosynthetic pigments of the leaves, causing a decrease in the carbon dioxide absorption rate and deterioration of the photosynthetic efficiency of the plants. It directly impacts the healthy growth and development of plant species, as well as the ability of plants to utilize significant greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (Selley et al. 2020).