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For understanding the hierarchies of fermion masses and mixing, we extend the Standard Model gauge group with \( U(1)_X \) and \( Z_2 \) symmetry. The field content of the Standard Model is augmented by three heavy right-handed neutrinos, two new scalar singlets, and a scalar doublet. The fermion masses are generated through higher-dimensional effective operators with \( O(1) \) Yukawa couplings. The small neutrino masses are obtained through the type-1 seesaw mechanism using the heavy right-handed neutrino fields.

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Hierarchical Fermion Masses, Mixing and \(U(1)_X \otimes Z_2\) Symmetry

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Abdul Rahaman Shaikh,
  • Rathin Adhikari

摘要

For understanding the hierarchies of fermion masses and mixing, we extend the Standard Model gauge group with \( U(1)_X \) and \( Z_2 \) symmetry. The field content of the Standard Model is augmented by three heavy right-handed neutrinos, two new scalar singlets, and a scalar doublet. The fermion masses are generated through higher-dimensional effective operators with \( O(1) \) Yukawa couplings. The small neutrino masses are obtained through the type-1 seesaw mechanism using the heavy right-handed neutrino fields.