With the advancement of nanoscience and technology, researchers have increasingly focused on the microscopic world at the nanoscale. To overcome the constraints of optical diffraction limit for better prepare and observe nanoscale samples, optical systems are evolving towards higher optical resolution, greater sensitivity, and increased integration. In recent years, researchers have employed artificial dielectric materials and natural biomaterials as microsphere lenses to facilitate conventional optical systems, enabling them to achieve nano-focusing of light beams and efficiently collect weak light signals. Additionally, the simple structure of the microsphere allows for rapid integration with various devices, fostering the development of more flexible and efficient optical systems. Consequently, the emerging microsphere-assisted technology demonstrates significant potential for applications in the fields of super-resolution optical imaging, signal enhancement, optical manipulation, and nanofabrication.