Low cost, mechanical strength, and resistance to heat and microorganisms are some factors that contributed to the popularity of plastics in industrial and everyday life. The stability of plastics is a consequence of various additives added to make them more durable. This durability, however, poses a problem as plastics are non-biodegradable and persist in ecosystems. These plastics, when exposed to various environmental factors, fragment to form microplastics. The small particle size and the hydrophobic nature of microplastics facilitate their interactions with microorganisms across multiple habitats. In this chapter, we focus on the ability of microorganisms to colonize microplastics. We discuss the various aspects of this interaction focusing on the alterations in microbial niche, environmental consequences, role of microplastics as vectors for pathogenic microbes, pollutants, and exploring various microbe-mediated bioremediation methods to tackle microplastic pollution.