Plastics are one of the most harmful synthetic materials that are commonly used because of their strength, flexibility, and low cost. These widely used plastic polymers are nonreactive, resilient, and nonbiodegradable and, thus, accumulate in the environment, causing harm to the flora and fauna. About half of the plastic production is single-use plastic, which causes an imbalance in the ecosystem and poses hazardous risks to animals. Because of their single-use and casual disposal by consumers, plastic waste generation has increased exponentially in the atmosphere leading to its deposition, especially in oceans in the form of microplastics (MPs). The conventional methods of waste management such as recycling, incineration, and landfilling are costly and ineffective for the degradation of MPs. Therefore, better alternative methods that are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient for the degradation of MPs debris are optimum solutions for the mitigation of MP pollution. Various biological approaches involving microorganisms can potentially colonize and enzymatically degrade MPs into environmentally friendly and less harmful products. Hence, the present chapter, in the light of available literature, highlights the potential implications of microorganisms in colonization and degradation of MPs.