The usage of plastics is increasing as a result of its uses in the economy, human health, and aesthetics. Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, and polyethylene terephthalate make up the majority of microplastics (MPs). Microplastics are pieces of any kind of plastic that are fewer than 5 mm in length. They infiltrate natural environments through a number of sources, such as cosmetics, clothing, food packaging, and industrial processes. Microplastics have a high chance of being ingested, incorporated into, and accumulating in the bodies and tissues of numerous creatures due to the slow rate of plastics’ degradation. It is known that primary and secondary microplastics remain in the environment at high concentrations, especially in aquatic and marine habitats, where they contribute to water pollution. Clothing and textiles account for 35% of all ocean microplastics, mostly as a result of the deterioration of polyester-, acrylic-, or nylon-based clothing, which frequently occurs after washing. Microplastics, however, also build up in the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems. Microplastics have been shown to lower the weight of earthworms and the viability of soil ecosystems in terrestrial ecosystems. MPs are thought to be hazardous to both humans and wildlife because of their bioaccumulation and persistence characteristics. The current chapter highlights the potential of several microorganisms in the biodegradation of microplastics. The two possible approaches to reduce the “plastic waste” are (1) to develop biodegradable commodity plastics from fossil fuel and/or renewable resources building blocks (hydrobiodegradable) or reengineering of full carbon backbone commodity polymers (oxo-biodegradable) and (2) to identify potential micro-algae and its toxins to develop protocol to effectively biodegrade the polymeric materials.