Traditional textile dyeing techniques pose significant environmental challenges, primarily due to excessive water consumption and the discharge of untreated dye effluents into aquatic ecosystems. These effluents, often containing azo dyes, heavy metals, and other hazardous compounds, threaten water quality and biodiversity. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on sustainable dyeing technologies that minimize environmental impact. Supercritical fluid dyeing, particularly using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂), has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional water-based dyeing methods. SCCO₂ acts as an efficient solvent, easily penetrating textile fibers due to its low viscosity and high diffusivity. This technique eliminates wastewater generation, significantly reducing environmental pollution. The process allows precise control over temperature and pressure, ensuring uniform and vibrant coloration. The non-toxic nature of SCCO₂ and its recyclability make this approach an eco-friendly solution for textile coloration. Supercritical fluid dyeing applies to various textile materials, including natural, synthetic, and high-performance fibers, offering versatility across the industry. Despite its advantages, challenges remain in industrial adoption, such as high initial investment costs and the need for specialized equipment. Addressing these barriers is essential for widespread commercialization. This chapter overviews supercritical fluids and their role in textile coloration. It explores recent innovations in the field, discussing this technology's advantages, challenges, and future prospects in achieving sustainable textile manufacturing.