Long-range Fourier Ptychography Imaging (Long-range FPI), is a coherent imaging technique that breaks the diffraction limit according to a sequence of the target object’s low-resolution images using a moving optical camera, followed by spectral domain stitching for reconstruction. However, optical system aberrations and random phases significantly affect the super-resolution reconstruction of reflective Long-range FPI. We investigate the impact of different random phases (random phase factor α ~ 0–1) and optical aberrations (RMS ~ 0.10λ, 0.24λ, and 0.44λ) on the image reconstruction of reflective Long-range FPI. For various optical aberrations (RMS ~ 0.10λ, 0.24λ, and 0.44λ), reflective Long-range FPI enables to achieve super-resolution imaging (resolution enhancement ~ threefold) of the target object. However, for random phase factors α > 0.5, the imaging quality of the reconstructed target object significantly degrades. The findings of this study can be applied in high-precision star point positioning and super-resolution telescopes, among other fields.