At present, the near-earth orbit is the area with the most frequent activities of communication/navigation/remote sensing satellites, commercial Internet satellites and manned spacecraft. The increasingly complex orbit environment brings risks to the safety of spacecraft operation. To address the aforementioned risks, it is necessary to improve the autonomous operation capability of spacecraft and reduce their dependence on the ground. Based on the research and analysis of the construction of space environment database, space-based target monitoring, and autonomous orbit control of collision avoidance, this article proposes to construct an autonomous operation management system. This system can flexibly schedule the space environment database, detect other spacecraft or space debris within a certain range, and based on “the known” and “the seen”, formulate orbit control strategies in orbit to ensure the autonomous and safe operation of spacecraft.