With the continuous development of the space industry and the increasingly diverse market demands, optimizing the allocation of technological innovation resources and the innovation system has become an urgent necessity. This paper delves into the selection of research directions and the construction of talent cultivation systems. It begins by analyzing the challenges faced by the aerospace innovation and research and development system under the new circumstances, followed by a discussion on the necessity of optimizing the technological innovation system. The paper proposes three critical transformation strategies for the innovation system: first, establishing a technology readiness level (TRL) mechanism to evaluate and select mature technologies; second, refining research directions to concentrate efforts on overcoming core technological challenges; and finally, constructing an integrated innovation ecosystem and management model, implementing detailed planning and strict process management for project milestones, ensuring smooth and orderly project progression, and gradually enhancing the maturity of technology transfer. The paper concludes by summarizing the significant effects of these strategies in practical applications.