Quantum computing shows immense potential across various domains, including medical research, artificial intelligence, and weather forecasting. However, it also presents a substantial challenge to cybersecurity, necessitating a re-evaluation of our data encryption methods in cryptography. Contemporary cryptography is founded upon the concept of computational security, where the strength of a cryptosystem is measured by the computational resources needed to compromise it. Cryptanalysis endeavors to uncover attacks, which are algorithms possessing complexities lower than the theoretical bounds established for a given cryptosystem. Quantum cryptanalysis involves examining and assessing cryptographic algorithms when facing a quantum-capable adversary. Despite the current small and nascent state of quantum computers, projections suggest that within a decade, their size and capabilities will likely reach a point where they can significantly affect the cryptographic algorithms used across various platforms. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate their potential impact and comprehend the quantum resource prerequisites to ensure adequate preparedness for future challenges. This article explores the detailed description of quantum algorithms and their application in cryptanalysis, focusing on their potential to disrupt existing cryptographic protocols and algorithms. By providing insights into the criss-crossing of quantum technologies and cryptography, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the evolving security challenges in an era of quantum technology.