In this chapter, I would like to discuss the notion of discriminative knowledge in Sāṃkhya-Yoga and illustrate its philosophical significance concerning the ontology of higher order consciousness. Following the fundamentals of Sāṃkhya-Yoga philosophy, of course, consciousness is deemed real and functions as an independent metaphysical principle—the Puruṣa. The concept of Puruṣa is theorized from the soteriological and cosmological points of view in Sāṃkhya-Yoga. How does the Puruṣa—the pure consciousness become the source of discriminative knowledge/discriminative wisdom—vivekajñāna? This question could also be raised differently. That is, how does discriminative knowledge arise in the case of an individual mind/consciousness? To me, a reasonable response to any one of these questions could be a reasonable response to the first question, as they both deal with the nature and development of vivekajñāna.