Due to the large investment, large scale and high risk of drilling operations, especially in the case of increasing market competition after the reorganization of domestic oil enterprises, how to reduce cost and increase efficiency and make enterprises sustainable development is a challenge faced by oil enterprises, and also the key to survival and development of oil enterprises. Therefore, it is of great significance for the whole drilling industry to establish an optimization method of drilling construction schedule that meets its own development needs. This study proposes an innovative drilling construction schedule method to improve the execution efficiency and economy of drilling projects. The traditional construction schedule optimization methods often rely on experience and professional knowledge, and it is difficult to achieve the global optimal solution. The core of this method is to integrate the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), which transforms the drilling construction schedule optimization problem into a multi-objective optimization problem by establishing appropriate objective functions and constraints, and uses the PSO method to find the optimal solution in the search space. In the process of implementation of the algorithm, the actual situation and various constraints of the construction site are considered. Through the simulation experiment of the actual case, the results show that the proposed method can effectively optimize the drilling construction schedule and improve the efficiency, and has good practicability and feasibility. In conclusion, the drilling schedule optimization method proposed in this study provides effective support and guidance for drilling projects, and further research can be extended to more application fields.