Today, urban areas are expanding at unprecedented rate. Currently, 56 percent of the global population resides in urban areas and it is expected that nearly 70 percent of the global population to reside in urban areas by 2050. Urbanization in Global South has increased much more rapidly in past half century and beyond than in the Global North and global urbanization is becoming increasingly characterized by urbanization in the Global South. The rapid urbanization presents serious challenges such as urban sprawl, poverty, higher unemployment rates, increased living costs, housing affordability issues, insufficient investment, limited financial and governance capacities, rising inequality and crime, and environmental degradation. Climate change is further complicating and escalating these issues, by making urban areas more vulnerable to emerging extreme weather events, such as heatwaves, droughts, floods, and tropical cyclones. Urban areas in the Global South facing environmental transition challenges that demand new paradigm of urban sustainability, a model that harmoniously balances economic development with ecological resilience in changing climate. The chapter explores the environmental transition challenges in urban area of Global South and calls for innovative multi-level approaches to sustainable urban development.