The origins of the first PET (positron emission tomography) scanner used for human studies can be traced back to the early 1970s when it was unveiled at Washington University in St. Louis, USA [1]. Various changes in design, instrumentation, and technology have advanced the functional imaging modality. The combination of PET with morphological imaging modalities such as CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) has given rise to superior hybrid imaging modalities capable of simultaneously providing functional and anatomical information. With the limited availability of PET/MRI, especially in low-middle-income countries, PET/CT stands at the forefront of oncology and various other clinical specialities such as neurology and cardiology. Specific challenges in the pediatric population include minimizing radiation burden, using oral or intravenous contrast agents, and the need for sedation or anesthesia for the procedure. Here we will focus on commonly used radiopharmaceuticals, acquisition protocols, physiologic distribution (along with normal variants), and the utility in commonly encountered pediatric malignancies.