This article explores the political implications of the economic dynamics surrounding large-scale mining projects and the discourse on development. Specifically, it seeks to answer the question: How do mining corporations promote local development in the host regions of large-scale projects in Peru? To address this question, I adopt a qualitative research approach and analyse secondary information. Drawing on the experiences of Cajamarca and Arequipa, particularly the Conga and Tía María conflicts, this paper examines how political discourses on development are used to justify human rights violations during such conflicts. I conclude that large-scale mining exposes patterns of political and economic power and highlights the unresolved asymmetries rooted in colonialism. Finally, I encourage further research within the framework of internal colonialism, an area not addressed in this paper.