Understanding pathogen metabolism is crucial for combating infectious diseases effectively. This chapter explores the dynamic world of pathogen metabolism and how it affects infectious disease mitigation. Through advanced tools and technologies, such as omics approaches, researchers gain insights into the diverse metabolic pathways utilized by pathogens. Exploiting metabolic dependencies emerges as a promising strategy for therapeutic intervention, with antimetabolite therapy offering a targeted approach to disrupt pathogen growth. Additionally, the interplay between pathogen and host metabolism unveils novel targets for intervention, including host metabolic defenses against pathogen propagation. Metabolism-based diagnostics leverage unique metabolic signatures to enable rapid and precise disease detection, while vaccine development targeting metabolic antigens holds promise for long-term protection. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, including the adaptive nature of pathogen metabolism and the complexity of pathogen-host metabolic interactions. By addressing these challenges and advancing our understanding of pathogen metabolism, we pave the way for innovative strategies to mitigate infectious diseases and safeguard public health.