Facility-dependent non-ideal effects were investigated in two different shock-tube laboratories at Texas A&M University and University of Duisburg-Essen, concentrating on the influence of shock-tube heating (T1) on non-ideal pressure rise (dp*/dt). The experiments conducted in nitrogen varied in shock strength with Mach number ranging from 1.68 to 3.57 and facility initial temperature ranging from 293 to 373 K. Reflected-shock conditions include pressures up to 20 bar and temperatures of 710 to 1833 K to isolate conditions germane to typical chemical kinetics experiments. As expected, shock strength had a large influence on non-ideal pressure rise; however, this effect was more dramatic as the initial temperature increased. The non-ideal pressure rise results from a growth in the turbulent boundary-layer thickness as greater incident shock speeds are required to produce desired reflected-shock conditions as elevated initial temperature increases. To demonstrate this effect, boundary-layer thickness calculations were conducted using correlations from the open literature and measured dp*/dt values. The consequences of these results and their relationship to other non-ideal effects such as dT*/dt are discussed to assess the uncertainty in reflected-shock conditions when making fundamental, high-temperature chemistry measurements, such as ignition delay times. A correlation dependent on the initial test conditions, incident-shock Mach number, and driven-section inner diameter was developed using the experimental data from this study as an initial effort to predict the non-ideal effects over similar experimental conditions in future studies. Considering the impact of initial temperature on facility non-ideal effects will provide a more informed interpretation of ignition delay time at extreme conditions, such as those required for the study of liquid hydrocarbon fuels.

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Non-Ideal Effects in Shock-Tube Facilities with Elevated Initial Temperatures

  • M. G. Sandberg,
  • S. P. Cooper,
  • D. J. Mohr,
  • E. L. Petersen,
  • D. Nativel,
  • M. Fikri,
  • C. Schulz

摘要

Facility-dependent non-ideal effects were investigated in two different shock-tube laboratories at Texas A&M University and University of Duisburg-Essen, concentrating on the influence of shock-tube heating (T1) on non-ideal pressure rise (dp*/dt). The experiments conducted in nitrogen varied in shock strength with Mach number ranging from 1.68 to 3.57 and facility initial temperature ranging from 293 to 373 K. Reflected-shock conditions include pressures up to 20 bar and temperatures of 710 to 1833 K to isolate conditions germane to typical chemical kinetics experiments. As expected, shock strength had a large influence on non-ideal pressure rise; however, this effect was more dramatic as the initial temperature increased. The non-ideal pressure rise results from a growth in the turbulent boundary-layer thickness as greater incident shock speeds are required to produce desired reflected-shock conditions as elevated initial temperature increases. To demonstrate this effect, boundary-layer thickness calculations were conducted using correlations from the open literature and measured dp*/dt values. The consequences of these results and their relationship to other non-ideal effects such as dT*/dt are discussed to assess the uncertainty in reflected-shock conditions when making fundamental, high-temperature chemistry measurements, such as ignition delay times. A correlation dependent on the initial test conditions, incident-shock Mach number, and driven-section inner diameter was developed using the experimental data from this study as an initial effort to predict the non-ideal effects over similar experimental conditions in future studies. Considering the impact of initial temperature on facility non-ideal effects will provide a more informed interpretation of ignition delay time at extreme conditions, such as those required for the study of liquid hydrocarbon fuels.