S: High-quality science and technology human resources are characterized by social mobility. Social mobility enables this special workforce to have fast and objective access to the world’s scientific and technological advances, facilitates the transfer and acquisition of technology, and closes the gap in scientific and technological qualifications and capacity between countries in the region and internationally. The main purpose of this chapter is to analyze the concepts related to the social mobility of high-quality scientific and technological personnel. The characteristics of high-quality scientific and technological human resources and the factors affecting the mobility trend of high-quality scientific and technological human resources come from subjective and objective factors.