The chapter is a preliminary analysis of the topic “language” in the constitutions of the African countries south of the Mediterranean. After an introduction on the rise of the topic “language” in contemporary constitutional theory, attention is focused on Africa, where the almost universal presence of an official and of one or more national languages will be commented upon, together with the occasional mention of minority and international languages. How constitutions are worded, and languages are treated is heavily influenced by the constitutional tradition and the official language of the former colonial power (although recent developments, especially in West Africa, may point to a different direction). On the contrary, the actual language situation of the country as well as matters of bi- and multilingualism have little if any bearing on how constitutions are worded, and languages are treated. Eventually, African constitutions turn out not to be much African at all, but yet another reflex of the universal imposition of the Westphalian, Western nation-state model.