This chapter reconsiders the question of the unity and diversity of Berber as a socially constructed language in a contemporary context marked by the construction of nations. It outlines the interactions that have existed since the mid-nineteenth century between identifications with Berberity/Amazighness, reconstructed within dynamic imagined communities, on the one hand, and, on the other, the representations and uses of Berber, and more generally of languages, in a Maghreb sociolinguistic landscape that is multilingual. It shows how the category of “Tamazight” has emerged and spread in its contemporary uses, and identifies the object(s) it designates and shapes in relation to dynamic socio-political and cultural issues.