With the continuous expansion of urban rail transit systems, they have become a crucial mode of daily transportation for residents and a core infrastructure supporting the development of resilient cities, operating under a networked model. However, the risks of disturbances and disasters affecting these systems are increasing, and emergency events can have significant impacts. Therefore, the resilience of urban rail transit networks and their ability to respond to major risks are of critical importance. This paper first interprets the structure of urban rail transit networks and the concept of network resilience, further exploring the mechanisms of resilience during risk disturbance cycles. Next, the formation process of resilience is analyzed through the concepts of network reliability, robustness, and vulnerability, and is quantified using a resilience theoretical model. Finally, 11 aspects of resilience analysis are examined, identifying key factors influencing network resilience, and corresponding strategies are proposed to enhance the resilience of the network. These findings have practical implications for the construction of resilient cities and the planning, operation, and management of resilient urban rail transit networks.