Concrete structural serviceability and safety face challenges due to exposure to low and cryogenic temperatures, which can substantially alter the mechanical properties of concrete. This study aims to numerically investigate the impact resistance of reinforced concrete beams subjected to cryogenic conditions. To simulate the behaviour of concrete under extreme cold environment, key material mechanical parameters including shear modulus, bulk modulus and uniaxial and triaxial compression surfaces etc. were modified to accurately represent concrete's response to cryogenic temperatures. The numerical model was validated against available experimental results. Using this validated model, a comprehensive numerical simulation was developed to predict the impact resistance of reinforced concrete beams under cryogenic conditions. The study specifically analysed the effects of temperature (20 ℃ and −160 ℃) on the resistance of reinforced concrete beams to impact loading. This approach allowed for quantification of the changes in mechanical behaviour of concrete and structural integrity across a temperature range relevant to cryogenic applications. By exploring the relationship between cryogenic exposure and impact resistance, this research has significant implications for the design and maintenance of cryogenic infrastructure, contributing to the development of more resilient and efficient storage solutions for the energy sector, potentially improving the safety and longevity of critical infrastructure in industries relying on cryogenic facilities.