The increasing urbanization and evolving healthcare demands, exacerbated by global health crises and extreme hazards, necessitate the development of adaptive, sustainable, and rapidly deployable healthcare facilities. This paper examines the integration of smart modular construction techniques with green building practices and adaptive design principles to build healthcare facilities that are sustainable, adaptive to evolving healthcare demands, and resilient to extreme hazards such as typhoons and seismic events. Case studies of modular healthcare projects in Hong Kong and oversea are discussed, including design principles, construction technologies, and performance metrics. Innovative engineering solutions, such as modular structural systems, the application of green materials and the integration of smart sensing technologies are discussed. The paper also discusses the environmental benefits achieved, including reduced construction waste, improved energy efficiency, and lower carbon emissions compared to conventional healthcare facilities construction. Furthermore, the potential for these modular healthcare facilities to be repurposed or reshaped as healthcare needs shift, enhancing their long-term adaptability in a fast-paced and ever-changing world. Based on the lessons learned from the Hong Kong and oversea cases with considerations for local contexts and future provisions of healthcare facilities, a comprehensive framework that can serve as a guideline for the development of next-generation healthcare facilities in the Greater Bay Area is proposed.