This chapter explains the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics. The first part of this chapter covers the concept of a hypothesis, the process of developing one, and methods for testing it. The discussion includes graphs that simplify statistical findings for better understanding. Additionally, the chapter introduces parametric and non-parametric statistics, along with common methods such as the t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The second part demonstrates hypothesis testing using statistical methods in RStudio, focusing on the hypothesis: “Working hours are similar in developing and developed countries.“ The section concludes with presenting results through histograms and scatterplots.