The first part of this chapter introduces the difference between data and information, along with definitions, roles, importance, and real-world applications of data science. The first part of this chapter provides a strong foundation for understanding data science principles. Additionally, it walks through key steps in data science projects: defining objectives, planning, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and effectively communicating complex findings to non-technical audiences. The second part covers the basics of R: what R is, why it’s useful, how to download and install it, an introduction to the R interface, and fundamental operations, including working with variables, data types, operators, and functions.