The problem of lunar dust has become one of the important challenges that we need to face in the process of exploring the moon. From the probes on the surface to the exploration of the moon by the Apollo program, from unmanned to manned, lunar dust has become one of the obstacles to our further exploration of the moon, so the relevant research and understanding of lunar dust is particularly necessary. With the continuous advancement of China's lunar exploration program, the lunar dust problem will be one of the key issues that need to be solved. In this paper, first we discuss the formation mechanism of lunar dust, introduces the characteristics of lunar dust and the related problems that may be caused. Secondly, the impact of lunar dust on spacesuits and various hardware devices is informed in conjunction with the effects of lunar dust in the Apollo program. Finally, according to the characteristics and hazards of lunar dust, schemes of lunar dust protection, including active dust mitigation, passive dust mitigation and implicit dust mitigation, are provided, which contain certain reference ideas and solutions for the problems of lunar dust that may be encountered in the process of manned lunar exploration, lunar surface exploration and long-term residence in the future.