Due to its extremely fine size and strong adhesion, lunar dust adhering to the surface of spacesuits or lunar exploration equipment can cause immeasurable damage. Therefore, the study of lunar dust removal technology for a specific surface is the key technology for future lunar exploration equipment to avoid the hazards of lunar dust adhesion. For this purpose, a method based on electrostatic dust removal is designed. First, the force model of lunar dust particles in the parallel poles is established, and the effective dust-removing particle size range without air breakdown is obtained. Then, the method of moments is used to simulate the field strength distribution characteristics generated by the rectangular electrodes in MATLAB, and then the minimum dust mitigation voltage for different ranges of particle sizes is simulated by COMSOL. Finally, an experimental test platform is set up and the minimum dust removal voltage of different particle sizes and the influence of different electrode shapes on the dust removal efficiency are obtained. The results show that when the field strength is 1 × 106 V/m and the particle size range is 100–350 μm, the dust removal efficiency can reach more than 95%.