The use of nanomaterials to mitigate antibiotic load in aquatic environments is reviewed in this chapter. A new group of environmentally persistent contaminants, which threatens human health and ecological stability, has been developed by the ubiquitous use of antibiotics in different sectors and their subsequent release into water systems. The research of state-of-the-art techniques such as nanomaterials is also of importance, because, although conventional antibiotic-degrading processes are often not enough to eliminate antibiotics in environmental matrices, the removal of a further amount of antibiotics could not only safeguard human health but also facilitate their environmental degradation. Unique properties such as high surface-area-to-volume ratios, functionally variable surface chemistry, catalytic activity and redox potential are among other capabilities of nanomaterials which is useful in adsorbing and degrading these wastes. A large number of antibiotic degrading nanomaterials reported in the literature are discussed in this chapter, covering metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, polymeric nanoparticles and the mechanisms by which these nanomaterials destroy antibiotics, such as photocatalytic and light-activated degradation with nanomaterials, catalytic degradation & mineralization and adsorption (and sequestration).