The phases and states of solid water are either amorphous or crystalline. To date, two amorphous ice states and nineteen crystalline ice phases have been established. Historically they were discovered with the use of various techniques including pressurization, force application, nucleation agents, and others. Prior to the era of the molecular dynamics simulations, the crystalline phases were often exploited as structural motifs for liquid water. Although such a manner of thinking has become less common, a similar one making use of low- and high-density amorphous is still popular. From a spectroscopic point of view, amorphous and crystals provide more well-defined systems that can help gain molecular-level insight into vibrational signatures than liquids. This chapter deals with theoretical and experimental Raman spectroscopy of ice Ih and amorphous at lower temperature and ice Ih, ice VI, and clathrate hydrate around room temperature. These solid states of water allow for obtaining a clearer perspective of the relationship between the structure and the vibrational spectra than the liquid state.

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Application to Bulk Solid Water

  • Shoichi Yamaguchi

摘要

The phases and states of solid water are either amorphous or crystalline. To date, two amorphous ice states and nineteen crystalline ice phases have been established. Historically they were discovered with the use of various techniques including pressurization, force application, nucleation agents, and others. Prior to the era of the molecular dynamics simulations, the crystalline phases were often exploited as structural motifs for liquid water. Although such a manner of thinking has become less common, a similar one making use of low- and high-density amorphous is still popular. From a spectroscopic point of view, amorphous and crystals provide more well-defined systems that can help gain molecular-level insight into vibrational signatures than liquids. This chapter deals with theoretical and experimental Raman spectroscopy of ice Ih and amorphous at lower temperature and ice Ih, ice VI, and clathrate hydrate around room temperature. These solid states of water allow for obtaining a clearer perspective of the relationship between the structure and the vibrational spectra than the liquid state.