Social science researchers of the region are producing nuanced accounts of struggles for gender identity and social justice taking place in the current era of late modernity and Internet connectedness. Across Southeast Asia, patriarchal norms still dominate. However, the situation is much more challenging for women and LGBTQ+ people in some countries, especially those plagued by civil conflict. Furthermore, across the region, there is an identifiable gender gap in social science research and publishing. Women academics shoulder the dual burden of family responsibilities and career; fewer hold doctoral qualifications; and the institutional research culture often sidelines women’s issues. Many of the research papers featured in this chapter concern the grassroots actions of women seeking to bring about justice, whether social, political, cultural or environmental, and even including all of these. With most Southeast Asian countries favouring export-oriented economies, women have come to dominate factory work and overseas migration for work, reshaping family finances and increasing women’s capacity for advocacy and assertion of rights. There appears to be a groundswell of queer scholarship happening across the region, despite the prevalence of homophobia/transphobia in some countries. Innovative methodologies in the hands of Southeast Asian researchers have the potential to produce insightful accounts of local gendered phenomena that speak to an international audience.