Microplastic pollution has emerged as a concerning issue for human health, driven by the recent detection of microplastics across diverse ecosystems. This chapter explores the sources, formation, history, distribution, toxicity, and strategies for mitigating microplastics. Notably, microplastics have been identified in biological samples, including feces, sputum, saliva, blood, and the placenta, highlighting their potential impact on human health. Moreover, the bioaccumulation of microplastics in the tissues of aquatic organisms poses significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and may facilitate their transfer to humans and birds through the food chain. Assessing microplastic pollution at lower trophic levels, such as benthic fauna, provides valuable insights into sediment contamination, which tends to accumulate increasing levels of microplastics over time. Awareness of the threats posed by plastic waste to marine ecosystems emerged progressively during the 1960s and 1970s. By the 1970s and 1980s, many environmental impacts of plastic litter were recognized, leading to extensive policy discussions and recommendations aimed at reducing the entry of plastic waste into the environment. Plastic degradation predominantly occurs through photooxidation reactions triggered by solar UV radiation, making it most pronounced in photic environments like the sea surface and coastal beaches. Thus, beach litters are considered one of the most concerning topics among researchers to avoid plastic pollution leading to microplastics.