Forest improvement program is a long-term activity. The vision about forestry program has to address future needs and challenges and therefore be based on extrapolations beyond the current human generation. Genomic-based evaluation is one significant solution to tackle the problems associated with long-term improvement program, specifically by accelerating the program and identifying favorable alleles that can result in future-ready trees. The foundation of such improvement program is the availability of broad genetic variation in the population. Maintaining a base population with high genetic diversity including those sourced from wide climatic zones can be a buffer population for future climate changes. This introductory chapter of the book briefs on value of traditional forestry evaluation programs, necessity to maintain a broad genetic base in population conservation and management, cost-effective methods of genome sequencing, use of various genomics methods and statistical approaches in significantly accelerating long-term genetic gain, and resilience-oriented tree breeding and population improvement programs. The chapter also talks about the importance of integrating multi-omics, including phenomics, approaches to increase the efficiency of breeding, and conservation programs.