This chapter presents findings from an analysis of development, policy and academic literature regarding climate justice in Southern Africa. It is based on the question of factors stopping attainment of climate justice. A human rights or social justice lens was applied recognising climate change’s differential impacts on individuals, families, communities, subnational territories and countries. The chapter shows that the region is exposed to extreme climate-related events, including floods, droughts, cyclones, unprecedented rainfall and temperature variations. The impacts of these events are exacerbated by poorly performing and inequitable economies saddled with debt. Additionally, racial inequalities, historically uneven development, portions of harsh geography, pre-existing high levels of poor populations without basic services, weak governance systems and regulatory capacity gaps at country and regional levels make climate impacts worse. This results in climate injustice at different scales. Southern Africa’s poor and vulnerable residents in specific locations with limited adaptive capacities, inadequate social services and lacking adequate representation are affected the most by water stress, food insecurity and job losses. The chapter concludes by arguing that directly tackling inequalities is critical to climate justice and building resilient communities in Southern Africa. For this to happen climate change policies and strategies need to be mainstreamed across various sectors, actors and from national to local levels. The need to support community, household and individual measures in fighting climate and economic injustice is also elaborated for purposes of building bottom-up resilience where ‘external science’ and local technical knowledge are integrated based on the leadership of capable state and regional bodies not captured by local and global capital.