Faced with the challenge of developing cement based floating structure for marine applications, 12 years of exploration has been carried out. First of all, it is necessary to fully understand the marine environment, in order to determine what performance of cement based materials can be qualified for the “floating” work. The impact of wind and waves and severe corrosive environment put forward high requirements for cement based materials. Through the attempts of various types of concrete from C50 to C200, some relationships between the floating structure and the performance of cement based materials were found. The characteristics of advanced cementitious material make it possible for complex floating structural forms, such as fabricated floating wharf, tubular floating body, tubular floating foundation, pipe rod plate fabricated structure. The square floating box is the first form of floating structure that developed, but its environmental adaptability is limited. Therefore, the floating structure of double-layer shell with ultra high performance concrete wave plate is developed to improve the stability. The application of cement based floating structures has also expanded rapidly, from small floating bridges and wharfs to large offshore wind turbines and photovoltaic bases, to complex marine ranching facilities and offshore buildings, and has penetrated into all aspects of human life. Cement based floating structure has a bright and long-term future.