Structural optimization is typically performed with predetermined load locationsLoadlocation, directions, and magnitudes. This chapter presents ideas and techniques we have developed in recent years to optimize structural designsDesignstructural by treating load distributions as design variables. We discuss methods for optimizing load locationsLoadlocation and directions, as well as redistributing load magnitudesLoadmagnitude. Using this generalized optimization framework, we demonstrate that structural performanceStructuralperformance (e.g., stiffness)Stiffness can be significantly enhanced by rearranging the loads. Further, we show that innovative and efficient designs can be achieved through simultaneous optimizationOptimizationsimultaneous of load distribution and structural topologyStructuraltopology.