This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of brain fingerprint identification, a cutting-edge technique that utilizes electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze brain activity patterns for personal identification. It begins with an in-depth background on the evolution of biometric systems, emphasizing the limitations of traditional methods such as fingerprint, facial recognition, and iris scans. The chapter highlights the unique advantages of brain fingerprint identification, including its potential for high accuracy and security, as well as its ability to operate in real time without physical contact. Following the background, the chapter delves into related work, reviewing significant studies and advancements in the field of brain fingerprint identification. This section examines various methodologies employed in existing research and discusses how these methods contribute to the effectiveness of personal identification. It highlights the unique advantages of using brain activity patterns, captured through electroencephalography (EEG), for identity verification in comparison to traditional biometric methods. Finally, the chapter concludes with a critical summary of the related work, identifying existing gaps in the literature and the challenges that need to be addressed for brain fingerprint identification to achieve widespread adoption. By highlighting these challenges, this chapter sets the groundwork for the subsequent research presented in the book, emphasizing the need for further exploration into the technological advancements, and potential applications of brain fingerprint identification.