Climate change is a major cause of variations in the average earth’s temperature, changes in precipitation patterns, and surges in the incidence of weather conditions that, in turn, interrupt agricultural productivity and sustainability. The undesirable influence of climate change affects plant growth and yield, leading to a serious challenge to food security all over the world. Crops are usually prone to multifaceted effects of climate change, such as weather extremes (posing heat or cold stress), and variations in the pattern of precipitation lead to water scarcity or flooding stress that eventually harms crop growth and decreases yield. These interruptions together undermine the agriculture sector to safeguard food security. Plants have evolved inbuilt mechanisms to adapt to harsh conditions, including physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular modifications to some extent. Understanding of natural mechanisms opted for by plants in response to environmental stress can be employed to devise strategies to alleviate the consequences of climate change. To deal with the intimidations caused by climate change, several agricultural adaptation strategies are used, such as crop rotation, intercropping, organic soil amendments, growing tolerant varieties, and genetic manipulation. Furthermore, advanced genetic engineering (CRISPR/Cas9) and high-throughput techniques must be integrated in combination with traditional methods to decrease the undesirable effects of climate change and ensure sustainable agriculture.